Sensory integration is a therapy method that was first used in 1960 after extensive studies by Doctor J.Ayres. In the future, this method has spread widely around the world and has been used as an auxiliary method in the treatment of many psychological and hereditary diseases, especially autism. As a result of the therapy, the neurophysiological reactions of the psychological events and learning experienced by the children and the adaptation elements suitable for their personality emerge. This contributes positively to the child's social, physical and emotional communication. In this treatment process, the information received from the outside world is learned, interpreted and integrated in the brain. Thus, it becomes easier for the person to comprehend the sensory interactions and the adaptation process.
Sensory Systems
Vestibular Sense: It is the sense of balance in the inner ear. It allows us to perceive where we are, the speed, direction and movements of our body. It is the most basic sense for our body to stay in balance.
Proprioceptive Sense: It is the sense found in the muscles and joints in our body. It is the sense that gives information about the location and movement patterns of body units.
Taste Sense: It is the sense that allows the perception and discrimination of tastes such as sweet, salty, bitter and sour, which are chemical determinants in our tongue.
Sense of Smell: It is the sense that allows chemical determinants in our nose to perceive and distinguish odors at a possible distance.
Tactile Sense: It is the sense found in our skin and occupies the largest place in our body. It is the sense of touch. It helps us to recognize and distinguish between pressure and pain thresholds and hot and cold materials and surfaces.Sight: It is located in the retina in the inner part of our eye . Activates when light is received. It helps us to see and distinguish objects, people, colors, distances.
Hearing Sense: Sound waves around us are collected by the outer ear and transferred to the inner ear. Perceived sounds are interpreted in the brain stem. Thus, the act of hearing is performed.
Purpose of Sensory Integration Therapy
The aim of therapy is to ensure that the child is a happy individual, is in contact with the formations around him, and can easily get over it if he experiences negativity. Thanks to sensory integrity, the child can maintain his daily life more easily with what he has learned during the session. Perceiving the world in its most real way is possible only with sense integration. The underlying purpose of therapy is to convey the stimuli in the environment to the child by making the necessary planning according to the child's needs and communication problems. Personalized methods are used in therapy. Because each child is a separate individual and each individual has their own problems and abilities.
The Path Followed in Therapy
At the very beginning of the therapy, the child to whom the session will be performed is evaluated within himself, and it is determined which problems he or she is experiencing. Afterwards, it is determined how these environmental and personal problems affect his attitudes and behaviors and a therapy program is prepared for him. In the therapy process, the most important part of the sessions is the family. Persons and their families should be in constant communication and work in an organized manner. In this process, the needs of the child in therapy are determined and training is provided so that the family can understand these wishes and needs of the child. Therapies progress in line with the wishes and needs of the child.
When to Use Sensory Integration
Newborn babies have the ability to see, hear and feel. However, they cannot organize these senses. They have very little knowledge about it. They cannot distinguish between objects. However, as the sense organs use and some information accumulates, they begin to organize and learn this information in the brain. Over time, they can easily focus on a single sense they need to use, and their learning improves rapidly. Concussive movements and clumsiness over time become the combined use and management of organized senses. The child becomes able to distinguish between necessary and unnecessary facts and formations. If this sensory process is efficient, its reactions and communication with the environment will be regular. Demonstrates appropriate skills, attention and behavior to events. All these senses enable the child to demonstrate successful motor development.This helps him realize positive social development. The lack of even one of these essentials hinders social and sensory development. Parents who notice any of these situations should apply to a specialist who can help both their education and their child's development.
How to Tell if a Child Has a Sensory Integration Problem
The sensory integration problem weakens the child's attention. It causes inappropriate behavior. They are either overactive or overactive. Has difficulty learning. Gets restless in crowded environments. Is disturbed by a normal sound or contact. He may exhibit unusual behaviors such as not responding when called by his name, being unresponsive to painful effects such as getting vaccinated. Has difficulty controlling personal behavior and emotional reactions. They may have tantrums. They inhabit the nervous system at two extremes. So they are either overly angry or overly cautious. Their concentration is very poor, they can be easily distracted. They show clumsiness and have balance problems. Planning skills are not developed. Their sleep is irregular. They have trouble with food and show selectivity in eating.They cause difficulties in self-care activities. They are reluctant to take a bath, get a haircut, or cut their nails. They like hard and painful situations. They engage in actions such as hitting people, hugging them too tightly, hitting them. They always want to run, jump, climb. They avoid moving equipment such as swings and slides. They quickly get bored and tired from their activities. Since their communication and social skills are not developed, they cannot interact. They like to be alone when playing games. When they come here with other kids, they don't know how to play. They have difficulty accepting normal changes and perceiving task changes. They are not successful in communicating and maintaining friendships with their peers.They like hard and painful situations. They engage in actions such as hitting people, hugging them too tightly, hitting them. They always want to run, jump, climb. They avoid moving equipment such as swings and slides. They quickly get bored and tired from their activities. Since their communication and social skills are not developed, they cannot interact. They like to be alone when playing games. When they come here with other kids, they don't know how to play. They have difficulty accepting normal changes and perceiving task changes. They are not successful in communicating and maintaining friendships with their peers.They like hard and painful situations. They engage in actions such as hitting people, hugging them too tightly, hitting them. They always want to run, jump, climb. They avoid moving equipment such as swings and slides. They quickly get bored and tired from their activities. Since their communication and social skills are not developed, they cannot interact. They like to be alone when playing games. When they come here with other kids, they don't know how to play. They have difficulty accepting normal changes and perceiving task changes. They are not successful in communicating and maintaining friendships with their peers.Since their communication and social skills are not developed, they cannot interact. They like to be alone when playing games. When they come here with other kids, they don't know how to play. They have difficulty accepting normal changes and perceiving task changes. They are not successful in communicating and maintaining friendships with their peers.Since their communication and social skills are not developed, they cannot interact. They like to be alone when playing games. When they come here with other kids, they don't know how to play. They have difficulty accepting normal changes and perceiving task changes. They are not successful in communicating and maintaining friendships with their peers.
Negativities of Sensory Integration Problem
Children who have sensory integration problems experience some problems that come with it and are based on sensory problems. They face the problem of distraction while performing activities. They cannot focus enough to accomplish a given task. His behavior towards his environment is erratic and meaningless. They have difficulty understanding the parts of their body and learning the functions of the limbs. They cannot detect multiple movements and combine them into efficient ones. They cannot use the language effectively. In other words, they have difficulty in communicating their needs and wishes, thoughts and ideas, such as speaking, agreeing with signs. Game skills and communication skills do not develop. They do not show the appropriate reaction, emotion, and attention to a task or position that a child without a problem can accept.It becomes difficult to understand the sounds they make and the words they use while speaking.
What Can Be Done to Develop Sensory Integration Skills
You can make your child do activities in places where there are physically handicapped tracks, or you can create these handicapped tracks in their living environment. You can contribute to its development with wheelbarrow walking or animal walking. Cycling is an activity that can use many of its emotions at the same time and can help provide sensory integration. You can develop the sense of touch, make him feel and distinguish objects by playing with pillows or balls, somersaults. The trampoline will be an activity where your child will be able to jump and jump, while not being harmed while doing it. You can prepare visual programs for your child so that he or she has an idea of what the next program is and gets used to this routine.If your child has a sensory integration problem, you can meet with a physiotherapist or occupational therapist who is an expert in the field, or at least facilitate this problem.
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