The British magazine wrote that weight-loss drugs are a promising development to treat the public health crisis. Developments such as artificial intelligence, health, astronomy and archeology were listed.
The prestigious English scientific publication Science magazine has selected weight-loss drugs as the breakthrough discovery of 2023, due to their potential to provide comprehensive health benefits.
It is followed by discoveries that reveal newly discovered effects of global warming and are being researched in the hope of providing solutions to some of them.
Scientific developments covering different fields from artificial intelligence to health, from astronomy to archaeology are listed as follows:
GROUNDBREAKING INVENTION OF THE YEAR: SLIMMING DRUGS
According to the news in BBC Turkish, Science is both a "public health crisis". and a complicated "personal struggle". He draws attention to the disappointing history of drug treatments for obesity, which he describes as:
It has been one of the unhealthy "rainbow diet pills" targeting women since the 1940s. The history of these drugs, which took off in the 1990s but triggered severe heart and lung conditions, has been marred by numerous failures.
However, new treatments are now considered promising in the fight against obesity and related chronic diseases.
The new drugs mimic a gut hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Originally developed for diabetes, these drugs are reported to cause significant weight loss with mild side effects.
In recognizing GLP-1 drugs as the Breakthrough of the Year, Science said, “clinical trials this year found that the drugs also reduced heart failure symptoms and the risk of heart attack and stroke; "This is the most convincing evidence that the drugs have important benefits beyond weight loss." he explains.
'THE EARTH'S CARBON PUMP IS SLOWING DOWN'
The second place on Science's list of the most important scientific advances of 2023 includes remarkable discoveries made in different fields.
The first of these is, "Earth's carbon pump is slowing down." The discovery that an effect of global warming that is expected to begin in the future has already begun to be seen.
The slowdown of the massive flow that connects all the world's oceans in Antarctica due to global warming means that the oceans, which hold one-third of global carbon emissions, are increasingly less able to fulfill this task.
One of the main elements of this massive flow is the movement of salt water towards the bottom of the ocean along the Antarctic coast of the Southern Ocean. While the sinking water takes heat, oxygen and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and transmits it to the depths, the water spreads towards the north.
It is thought that disruption of this flow will accelerate global warming by reducing the carbon retention capacity of the oceans, which are one of the most important carbon deposits.
Different studies this year found that the water cycle that drives this flow has slowed by 20 percent to 30 percent. Scientists expected this slowdown to occur years later.
'ALL ELECTRICITY OF A VILLAGE WAS PRODUCED HERE'
"The search for natural hydrogen is heating up." Another important progress, published under the title, is related to hydrogen, which is expected to have a significant share in the transition from fossil fuels to green fuels.
In 1987, a borehole searching for hydrogen in Mali was covered with concrete after it exploded due to smoking. In 2012, researchers reopened the hole and found that the burning gas was 98 percent hydrogen. A generator was connected to this source and all the electricity of a village was produced from here. Only water emerged as waste from production.
A study conducted this year showed that the hydrogen pressure in this borehole has not decreased for 11 years; In other words, he found that a source deep within the earth may be replenishing the hydrogen there.
Based on this discovery, the search for hydrogen resources on earth accelerated and at least 100 million dollars were invested in initiatives in this field.
Some researchers estimate that there is more than 1 trillion tons of hydrogen on Earth.
Another groundbreaking development is that artificial intelligence has shown the best performance ever seen in weather forecasting.
A new study published recently found that a new artificial intelligence model called GraphCast, created by Google DeepMind, outperformed the European Medium Range Weather Forecast system, one of the best in the world.
IT SLOWED DOWN MALARIA
Science says that traditional methods are not expected to disappear in the short term, but artificial intelligence may replace them in the long term.
The progress made in recent years in preventing malaria, especially in Africa, has turned into hope for more comprehensive practices this year. According to Science, the World Health Organization's (WHO) approval of the vaccine called R21/Matrix-M for general use was among the most important scientific developments of this year.
The vaccine developed at Oxford University was licensed to the Serum Institute of India, one of the main vaccine manufacturers. The company announced that it can produce 100 million doses of the vaccine annually, with the dosage cost expected to be between 2 and 4 dollars.
Another disease that is thought to have groundbreaking developments in its treatment in 2023 is Alzheimer's.
In the United States of America (USA), "Donanemab" has completed its third phase studies. It was announced that the drug slowed the progression of Alzheimer's disease by 35 percent.
In addition, "Lecanemab" Another drug called was found to slow the progression of the disease by 27 percent.
It is curious how the improvement in cognitive slowing associated with medications will change over time. Another question, according to the journal Science, is whether these treatments can delay the onset of symptoms if applied early to people at high risk of disease.
FOUND 5 THOUSAND YEARS AGO
One of the most important developments in the field of archeology was the discovery that the date when humans first set foot on the American continent was at least 5 thousand years earlier than thought.
The discovery made this year by astrophysicists, who, unlike archaeologists, have been looking for a sound for a long time instead of traces, is seen as one of the most important developments of the year.
This year, scientists detected shock waves coming from the orbits of supermassive black holes at the centers of distant galaxies as they began to merge.
The largest academic strikes in US history are also cited as one of the most important advances of the year.
This year, 48 thousand academic employees at the University of California (UC) organized an academic strike and obtained significant wage increases for graduate students and postdoctoral workers.
The last groundbreaking development of the year on the Science list was the introduction of computers known as exascale computing, which have the power to perform 1 quintillion (10 to the power of 18) operations per second.
The computer called Frontier at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the USA became the first exascale computer available to scientific users.
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